Enhancing Vaccine Efficacy Against Staphylococcus Aureus Infections Using Glycoside Hydrolases

Authors

  • Jiajun Yu Newcastle University, Zhongshan, China Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70088/1m1xxh25

Keywords:

staphylococcus aureus, vaccine, biofilm, glycoside hydrolases, protein expression

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most clinically significant Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, frequently colonizing the skin, nasal cavity, throat, and gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. It is a leading cause of abscesses, purulent infections, and severe systemic diseases worldwide. Although vaccination represents a promising prophylactic strategy, the formation of bacterial biofilms poses a formidable barrier that prevents vaccine candidates from accessing target antigens on the bacterial surface. To address this challenge, this study investigates the potential of glycoside hydrolases, particularly PelA, as enzymatic agents capable of degrading biofilm matrices and thereby exposing hidden antigens to the immune system. Collectively, following with the past articles. Those findings suggest that PelA-mediated biofilm degradation may enhance antigen accessibility and improve immune recognition. This study provides a mechanistic foundation for integrating glycoside hydrolases into vaccine development strategies and offers a potential approach for overcoming biofilm-associated barriers in Staphylococcus aureus immunization.

References

D. E. Bloom and D. Cadarette, "Infectious disease threats in the twenty-first century: Strengthening the global response," Front. Immunol., vol. 10, Art. no. 549, 2019.

J. M. Harro, M. E. Shirtliff, and B. M. Peters, "Vaccine development in Staphylococcus aureus: Taking the biofilm phenotype into consideration," FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol., vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 306–323, 2010.

A. Salemi et al., "Self-amplifying mRNA vaccine cocktail against Staphylococcus aureus: A multi-epitope immunoinformatics and structural simulation framework," World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., vol. 42, no. 8, Art. no. 420, 2026, doi: 10.1007/s11274-026-05106-6.

R. Bello-Morales, S. Andreu, V. Ruiz-Carpio, I. Ripa, and J. A. López-Guerrero, "Extracellular polymeric substances: Still promising antivirals," Viruses, vol. 14, no. 6, Art. no. 1337, 2022.

W. K. Redman, G. S. Welch, and K. P. Rumbaugh, "Differential efficacy of glycoside hydrolases to disperse biofilms," Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., vol. 10, Art. no. 379, 2020.

D. Fleming et al., "Utilizing glycoside hydrolases to improve the quantitation and visualization of biofilm bacteria," Biofilm, vol. 2, Art. no. 100037, 2020.

G. Narasimha, A. Sridevi, G. Ramanjaneyulu, and B. R. Reddy, "Purification and characterization of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger," Int. J. Food Prop., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 652–661, 2016.

G. A. O'Toole, "Microtiter dish biofilm formation assay," J. Vis. Exp., no. 47, Art. no. e2437, 2011.

P. Baker et al., "Exopolysaccharide biosynthetic glycoside hydrolases can be utilized to disrupt and prevent Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms," Sci. Adv., vol. 2, no. 5, Art. no. e1501632, 2016.

J. S. Ramírez-Larrota and U. Eckhard, "An introduction to bacterial biofilms and their proteases, and their roles in host infection and immune evasion," Biomolecules, vol. 12, no. 2, Art. no. 306, 2022.

K. Shinwari, B. Vieira, I. Ciaparin, A. P. Hakansson, M. Darrieux, and T. R. Converso, "Overcoming immune evasion in Staphylococcus aureus: Strategies for rational vaccine design," ACS Infect. Dis., vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 2692–2705, 2025.

S. A. Fritz and J. Bubeck Wardenburg, "A path forward for Staphylococcus aureus vaccine development," J. Exp. Med., vol. 221, no. 10, Art. no. e20240002, 2024.

Y. Hu et al., "An overview of industrial enzyme engineering to achieve a pH adaptability-activity trade-off: Current status and future perspectives," J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 73, no. 33, pp. 20547–20562, 2025.

Y. Yang, Y. Sun, X. Kang, and Y. Wang, "mRNA vaccine platforms and novel delivery systems: From mechanistic principles to clinical translation," Hum. Vaccines Immunother., vol. 21, no. 1, Art. no. 2597629, 2025.

Downloads

Published

21 October 2026

Issue

Section

Article

How to Cite

Enhancing Vaccine Efficacy Against Staphylococcus Aureus Infections Using Glycoside Hydrolases. (2026). Ecological and Biological Studies Insights, 2(1), 43-48. https://doi.org/10.70088/1m1xxh25