AI-Driven Music Composition and Its Impact on Musical Styles: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an influential force in music composition, reshaping stylistic conventions, creative workflows, and audience experiences. This review examines the evolution of AI music composition technologies—from rule-based systems and machine learning models to generative networks and hybrid human-AI tools—and their impact on melodic, harmonic, rhythmic, and structural aspects of musical style. We discuss aesthetic and creative implications, including the redefinition of authorship, co-creative collaboration, audience perception, and ethical considerations. Challenges such as technical limitations, stylistic biases, and intellectual property issues are analyzed, alongside potential solutions. Finally, we explore future directions, emphasizing explainable AI, personalized and adaptive generation, immersive integration with interactive media, and human-AI partnership in creativity. The findings highlight AI’s transformative potential while underscoring the importance of responsible, culturally informed, and collaborative approaches in shaping the future of music.