Triple Synergy: Policy Design, Technological Pathways, and Regional Adaptation of University-Industry Collaboration in Ethnic Minority Areas-A "Three-Campus" Perspective

Abstract

University–industry collaboration (UIC) in regions characterized by significant cultural diversity often faces persistent challenges arising from institutional fragmentation, limited resources, and socio-cultural mismatch. This study develops an integrated analytical framework that introduces the concept of “three campuses”—cross-sector, cross-region, and cross-mode—to examine the multidimensional coupling of policy, technology, and culture, as well as the coordinated interaction among government, industry, universities, and local communities. Drawing on a systematic review of domestic and international literature, the study identifies key gaps in existing research and demonstrates how the three-campus model can reshape organizational boundaries, mobilize spatial and institutional resources, and enhance collaboration through digital and intelligent tools. The findings further present a dynamic loop illustrating how the three campuses interact through a progressive sequence of organizational restructuring, resource expansion, and intelligent augmentation to promote sustainable UIC in regions marked by cultural and developmental diversity. This framework provides theoretical and practical insights for policymakers and institutional leaders seeking to strengthen regional adaptability and support long-term collaborative innovation.